IPO

A joint venture is a business agreement between two or more independent companies that come together for the purpose of carrying out a specific project or business activity. Each company contributes capital, expertise, or technology and shares the profits, losses, and risks arising from the joint operation. A joint venture allows partners to pool their resources and skills, gaining access to new markets, technologies, or products that might otherwise be difficult to reach on their own. A joint venture can take various forms, from a separate legal entity to a temporary project-based collaboration.

KII (Key Investor Information) are key documents designed to provide investors with an overview of an investment product, including its risks, returns, and costs. This document aims to help investors better understand the terms and characteristics of an investment before deciding to invest. KII typically includes information about the investment strategy, historical performance, fees, and the risks associated with the investment. It is an important tool for ensuring transparency and informed investment decisions.

LTV (loan-to-value) is a financial ratio that measures the proportion between the loan amount and the value of the collateralized asset, typically real estate. LTV is often used in mortgages or other types of loans to assess the risk and stability of the loan. It is calculated as the ratio of the loan amount to the property value, expressed as a percentage. For example, if the loan amount is €80,000 and the property value is €100,000, the LTV is 80 percent. A lower LTV means less risk for the lender, as the debt represents a smaller proportion of the property's value. Conversely, a higher LTV may indicate greater risk and often leads to higher interest rates or stricter terms.

M&A (mergers and acquisitions) refers to mergers and acquisitions, which are processes in which two or more companies merge (merger) or one company acquires another (acquisition). The goal is growth, increased efficiency, or gaining new technologies or access to new markets.

A management fee is a fee charged by investment or management companies for managing an investment fund or portfolio. This fee covers the costs of managing and overseeing investments, including analysis, asset selection, and performance monitoring. It is typically charged as a percentage of the assets under management, either annually or quarterly.